Five years after the Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law by President Obama, it remains as controversial as when it was enacted. While partisans may debate whether the changes are good or bad, there is no doubt they’ve had a sizable impact. Following are the biggest ways the system has changed.

Despite the doomsday predictions for banks and acquirers five years ago, the Durbin amendment hasn’t dramatically shaken up the business models of the payments industry.

WASHINGTON — Treasury Secretary Jack Lew said Monday that the Obama administration will continue to defend the Dodd-Frank Act amid Republican efforts to water down the law, even as one of its namesakes suggested changes to it may be necessary.

Regulators and Congress can take several key steps to ease community banks' burden, from implementing tiered regulation to requiring less frequent call reports. And they should also remember that banks are innocent until proven guilty.

Teachers Credit Union, based here, has completed the purchase and assumption of Lakeside FCU of Hammond, Ind., NCUA announced Friday.

NCUA liquidated Lakeside Federal Credit Union late Thursday afternoon.

The regulatory landscape has become far more complex for acquirers and independent sales organizations, mainly because federal agencies are showing more interest in the various layers of the payments ecosystem.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau released a monthly snapshot of its complaint database, the first of what will be a series of regular reports that dig into the trove of data it collects.

The leak of documents from the surveillance software and "ethical hacking" firm Hacking Team revealed that some foreign banks were clients. Had any U.S. banks been on the list, the last two weeks would have been … interesting.

Final guidelines for dealing with failing institutions from the international Basel Committee include direct capital injections — something the Dodd-Frank Act tried to end in the U.S. — as a last-ditch option.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's massive collection of consumer data continued to raise concerns with lawmakers on Wednesday despite assurances from the agency's director that the data is anonymized.

Wall Street's favored bank-resolution strategy would virtually guarantee future bailouts while imposing the costs on taxpayers and ordinary investors. At the very least, the damage can be mitigated with three key reforms.

Federal Reserve Board Chair Janet Yellen sounded at least open to the idea that new regulations have contributed to potential liquidity problems, but said more study is needed.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's massive collection of consumer data continued to raise concerns with lawmakers on Wednesday despite assurances from the agency's director that the data is anonymized. Lawmakers also voiced worries that the agency is inappropriately targeting auto dealers.

Sens. Elizabeth Warren and Sherrod Brown called for continued vigilance to counter efforts to undermine the 2010 law.

Most banks ask executives to coordinate a vast patchwork of regulation in addition to managing their day jobs. They'd be better off putting one person in charge of regulatory communication, remediation and coordination.

The Dodd-Frank Act orders regulators to create diversity standards that govern financial institutions' hiring and contracting practices. So why did they shy away from the chance to propose clear, measurable reporting requirements?

Those looking for easy answers from a government report about what caused recent volatility in the Treasury markets — including whether regulation is to blame — were likely disappointed.

Struggling to win business in the age of QM, Impac Mortgage has relaxed underwriting requirements in hopes of attracting borrowers many other lenders won't touch.

Democratic presidential fron-trunner called for tougher reforms on Wall Street and harsher penalties for financial misconduct, but avoided more aggressive positions embraced by other candidates to break up the biggest banks.