European Union

So far, U.K. fintechs' options range from relocating to other countries to finding ways to offset negative effects by attempting to “Brexit-proof” their businesses. The latter option can still be a substantial undertaking.

Under GDPR, nothing can happen with the European consumer's data unless they explicitly opt in. American consumers tend to ignore the fine print on company statements regarding the potential uses of their data, leading to an environment where companies expect them to opt in by default.

Even if a business is located in the U.S., it’s where the service is delivered that determines if the GDPR rules governing data protection in the EU apply, writes Mia Papanicolaou of Striata.

It's not just big banks. Even U.S. community banks may be subject to the General Data Protection Regulation given the boundlessness of digital commerce.

By replacing human judgment with other identity technologies, higher levels of verification accuracy can be achieved in a fraction of the time, writes Romana Sachová, co-chair of the Security and Biometrics Workgroup at Mobey Forum.

The latest draft of EU securitization rules would ban securitization of loans where borrowers certified their own income, raising concerns about banks’ ability to unload roughly $1 trillion of nonperformers.

The European directive is an opportunity for U.S. institutions to update data protection, writes Seth Ruden, senior fraud consultant for ACI Worldwide.

Under PSD2, banks are expected to admit all vetted comers, but how they will connect to them is up to the individual parties, writes Raz Rafaeli, CEO of Secret Double Octopus.

One of the critical unanswered questions early in the Single Euro Payments Area process and the new Payment Services Directive in Europe was whether banks would pony up for needed technology upgrades.

Banks may need to find $30 billion to $50 billion of additional capital to support new European units in the aftermath of a hard Brexit, and some smaller firms may abandon their operations on the Continent altogether as profitability plunges, according to Oliver Wyman Inc.