- Key insights: New York State Gov. Kathy Hochul signed Senate Bill S4153A, a law that requires retail and food service establishments to accept cash denominations of $20 and under and prohibits them from charging extra to accept cash as a payment.
- What's at stake: The requirement to accept cash comes as merchants grapple with the abrupt cancellation of penny production and a lack of formal guidance from state and federal lawmakers on how to properly adjust prices.
- Forward look: The law is set to go into effect in late March, 120 days after the governor's signature.
New York State has a new law requiring retailers to accept cash, creating a new challenge for merchants that are still awaiting guidance on how to manage a penny shortage.
New York State Gov. Kathy Hochul signed
Failure to comply comes with a $1,000 fine for the first offense and $5,000 for any subsequent offense. Notably, the law does not give a private right of action, meaning individuals cannot bring a civil suit against retailers.
The bill was sponsored by Senator James Sanders Jr. (D) and Queens Assembly Member Catalina Cruz (D), who have said that the bill aims to ensure financial inclusion. It has been awaiting Gov. Hochul's
"With Governor Hochul's signing of the ban on cashless stores, we reaffirmed a basic principle: No New Yorker should be excluded from commerce simply because they don't carry a credit card or smartphone," Senator Sanders told American Banker in an email. "Cash remains a lifeline for many working families, seniors, immigrants and small businesses — our law ensures they remain welcome and protected."
But the bill comes at a time when merchants are grappling with the Trump administration's abrupt cancellation of penny production and the
Food retailers are facing operational, legal and compliance challenges as a result of the discontinuation of the penny and require guidance from the government, Christine Pollack, vice president of government relations at FMI, The Food Industry Association, said in a blog post.
"Not only do grocers accept cash at the register and need coins, including pennies, to make change, but they also need coins to operate self-checkout stations and vending machines, and to cash checks," Pollack said. "Many grocery stores offer check-cashing services to customers and employees. Under federal law, checks must be cashed to the exact penny."
Only one Federal Reserve Bank District site in the Fed's second district, which covers New York, was fulfilling penny orders and accepting penny deposits as of Dec. 4, according to the
New York's law also lacks any formal guidance from lawmakers. Senator Sanders told American Banker that he recommends businesses round down to the nearest nickel when needed. "This small adjustment helps merchants manage coin scarcity while preserving fairness for consumers who depend on cash," he said, noting that he would work with state regulators and local business groups to ensure practical guidance and support are available to New York merchants.
Gov. Hochul's office did not reply to a request for comment by publication time.
The statute's lack of guidance is surprising, given that state regulators – including New York – usually step in when the federal government pulls back, Christopher Phillips, a partner at Holland & Knight, told American Banker.
"Across the financial services regulatory landscape as the federal government has seeded the field, states come in to enforce but for whatever reason, that's not the case here," Phillips said.
The New York legislation also lacks exclusions that are commonly seen in other comparable state and municipal regulations, such as an exemption for sports venues, car rental deposits or parking lots.
"Those exceptions are not in this law because it's based on the New York City law, which is a few years old," Phillips said.
Seventeen states have laws or have proposed laws that ban cashless establishments, and six cities have similar laws. Los Angeles is also
