Customer data

The card network sells aggregate information about customer spending habits, which data-privacy advocates say goes past Mastercard's role as a payment processor. Mastercard explained the recent removal of certain advertisements as a business decision.

In search of new revenue streams, the card network has researched companies' working-capital and cash-flow headaches to see where it could play a bigger role.

Its One Ally strategy is meant to help the bank with personalization and cross-selling.

A former employee at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau sent data on 256,000 consumers and dozens of companies to their personal email account.

Banks report cyber events to their boards and regulators more than twice as often as they notify their customers and the general public, according to a recent survey. New reporting requirements could change the equation.

The bank is working with a tech company to personalize customer communications using proprietary data. It's an alternative to cookies, which are becoming less viable as data privacy laws become stricter.

The credit bureaus plan to add repayment data for installment loans, a move that can inform credit decisions and help answer regulators' questions about how such borrowing affects consumers' financial health.

Immigrants from Brazil, Nigeria and Kenya will be able to get scores based on their home country credit histories under a partnership between American Express and Nova Credit.